(1994) Differentiation of strongly peraluminous, perphosphorous granites: The Pedrobenards Pluton, Central Spain. (1996) Residence of REE, Y, Th and U in granites and crustal protoliths: Implications for the chemistry of crustal melts.
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(2004) Sedimentological Studies and Evaluation of Some Black Sand Deposits on the Northern Coast of Egypt. (1999) The 226Ra, 232Th and 40K activities in beach sand minerals and beach soils of Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. The average abundance is 0.087 wt% for rutile 2.029 wt% for ilmenite 1.084 wt% for magnetite 0.384 wt% for leucoxene and 0.295 wt% for garnet.Īlam M.N., Chowdhury M.I., Kamal M., Ghose S., Islam M.N., Mustafa M.N., Miah M.M.H., and Ansary M.M. The average abundance of zircon is 0.175 wt% ranging from 0.125 wt% to 0.239 wt%, while it is 0.004wt% ranging from 0.001 wt% to 0.007 wt% for monazite. The mineralogical study indicates the beach sands contain heavy minerals, zircon, monazite, rutile, ilmenite, leucoxene, magnetite and garnet. These higher values may be due to the presence of economic heavy minerals containing radionuclides as zircon and monazite as well as some trace minerals, thorite and uranothorite. The internal and external hazard indices (H int, H ex) indicate that their values are from 6 to 11 times the permissible values of these indices. The radium equivalent (Ra eq) values are from 6 to 9 times the recommended value. The average absorbed dose rate is 1211.36 nGy/h, 20 times higher than the estimated average global primordial radiation of 60 nGy/h and 6 times higher than that of the world range (10–200 nGy/h). The average specific activity of 235U is 38.61 Bq/kg.
![iaea tecdoc 1363 iaea tecdoc 1363](http://members.optusnet.com.au/~drpl/CSM.gif)
The average specific activity of 232Th is 1510.25 Bq/kg, while the calculated specific activity for 40K has an average of 8.41 Bq/kg. The average specific activities are 778.20 Bq/kg for 238U 646.89 Bq/kg for 226Ra 621.92 and 627.85 Bq/kg for the 222Rn daughters 214Pb and 214Bi respectively. Radiometric measurements were carried out for the beach sands from East Rosetta estuary to determine the activity concentrations of 238U, 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K, using a Hyper Pure Germanium spectrometer, to estimate the dose rates and radiation hazard indices.